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Commerce world with Professionals and Economy
Posted 23 minutes ago

The Jagannath Rath Yatra festival, particularly in Puri, has a significant impact on the local economy through tourism, advertising, and trade.┬аThe festival attracts millions of pilgrims and tourists, leading to increased spending on accommodations, food, and transportation.┬аThe estimated total trade value during the festival is substantial, reaching crores of rupees.┬а

Here's a more detailed breakdown:

Tourism:

The Rath Yatra draws a large number of visitors to Puri, boosting tourism revenue for hotels, restaurants, and local businesses.┬а

Advertising and Marketing:

The festival provides a platform for advertising and marketing, with businesses capitalizing on the event to reach a wide audience.┬а

Trade:

The nine-day period of the Rath Yatra generates significant trade value, as locals and tourists spend money on various goods and services.┬а

Local Employment:

The festival also creates employment opportunities for local residents, particularly in the hospitality and service industries.┬а

Religious and Cultural Significance:

The Rath Yatra is a major religious and cultural event, attracting devotees and tourists alike, further driving economic activity.┬а

Global Influence:

The Rath Yatra has also expanded its reach through the ISKCON movement, creating a cultural and spiritual connection between different regions.┬а


Overall, the Jagannath Rath Yatra is a major economic driver for the region, contributing to tourism, employment, and overall economic growth.┬а

Blessings of the deities for generations: Taking part in Rath Yatra benefits not only the individual but their entire family through generations. Cleansing of Sins: Witnessing Lord Jagannath, Balabhadra, and Subhadra right on their chariots is considered as auspicious as visiting the temple itself.

The Ahmedabad Rath Yatra is a prominent Ratha Yatra in India. It is considered the third largest Rath Yatra after Puri and Kolkata. Every year, on the designated day according to the Hindu calendar, the ancient Jagannath temple in the Jamalpur area of Ahmedabad witnesses the commencement of the annual Yatra.

Every year, the Rath Yatra holds deep significance in Hindu mythology. It symbolizes the Gods' journey to their aunt's home. The grand procession features colossal chariots, intricately decorated and pulled by devoted worshippers, weaving tales of devotion and spirituality.

Origin and Mythological Significance

Lord Jagannath, along with Balabhadra and Subhadra, is believed to be an incarnation of Lord Vishnu. The divine wooden image that emerged from the sea became the iconic deity of Puri, revered for its benevolence and spiritual presence.

Rathayatra, Hindu festival of India, observed by taking an image of a deity in a procession (yatra) through the streets in a chariot (ratha). This affords darshan (auspicious viewing) of the deity to worshippers who, because of caste or sectarian restrictions, are not admitted to the sanctuary.


June 27

Jagannath Rath Yatra 2025: Nine-day festival schedule announced. The Jagannath Rath Yatra 2025 will begin on┬аJune 27┬аand continue until July 5. The nine-day festival includes several key rituals, beginning with Snana Purnima and ending with the return of the deities to the main temple.



The Jagannath temple is massive, over 61 metres (200 ft) high in the Nagara architecture style of Hindu temple architecture, and one of the best surviving specimens of Kalinga architecture, namely Odisha art and architecture. It has been one of the major pilgrimage destinations for Hindus since about 800 CE.

The "Four Dhams" (or Char Dham) in India refer to four highly revered Hindu pilgrimage sites. They are: Badrinath, Dwarka, Puri (Jagannath Temple), and Rameshwaram.
Badrinath:
Located in the Garhwal Himalayas in Uttarakhand, it's a sacred site dedicated to Lord Vishnu.
Dwarka:
Situated in Gujarat, it's associated with Lord Krishna and is considered one of the seven most sacred cities.
Puri:
Located in Odisha, it's home to the Jagannath Temple, dedicated to Lord Jagannath, a form of Lord Vishnu.
Rameswaram:
Located in Tamil Nadu, it's known for the Ramanathaswamy Temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva.

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Commerce world with Professionals and Economy
Posted 1 day ago

Apprenticeships positively impact the economy by┬аfostering a skilled workforce, boosting productivity, and supporting local businesses.┬аThey help bridge the gap between education and the workforce, providing young people with valuable job experience and training, while also fulfilling industry needs for skilled labor.┬а

Here's a more detailed look at the economic benefits:

Increased Productivity:

Apprenticeships equip individuals with practical skills, leading to higher productivity and output in various industries.┬а

Skill Development:

They address skill gaps in the workforce, ensuring that businesses have access to the skilled labor they require to thrive.┬а

Improved Business Performance:

Apprenticeships help businesses recruit and retain talent, leading to better overall performance and competitiveness.┬а

Reduced Unemployment:

Apprenticeships provide pathways to employment for young people and can reduce unemployment and underemployment rates, particularly among those facing barriers to finding work.┬а

Economic Growth:

By fostering a skilled and productive workforce, apprenticeships contribute to overall economic growth and prosperity.┬а

Local Economic Benefits:

Apprenticeships can be particularly beneficial for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which often play a crucial role in local economies.┬а

Reduced Training Costs:

Businesses can often reduce their training costs by utilizing apprenticeship programs, as they gain access to pre-trained individuals with relevant skills.┬а

Adaptability to Change:

Apprenticeships help individuals adapt to changing labor market demands and technological advancements, ensuring a workforce that can meet the needs of the future.┬а

Apprenticeships provide businesses with skilled workers for the future, ensuring employees are equipped with the skills they need to thrive in the company тАж

Apprenticeship programs can help you gain skills for a particular trade or career path in a way that is both cost-efficient and effective.

Apprenticeships combine paid on-the-job training with classroom instruction to prepare workers for highly-skilled careers. Workers benefit from apprenticeships by receiving a skills-based education that prepares them for good-paying jobs.

During an Economics apprenticeship, you'll learn everything there is to know about economics and the industry you'll work in.

The Professional Economist Degree Apprenticeship is integrated in that the End Point Assessment for the apprenticeship qualification is part of the degree

They enable individuals to earn while they learn, providing hands-on experience in a professional environment while working towards nationally recognised qualifications. Apprenticeships are available across a wide range of industries and levels, from intermediate roles to degree and even postgraduate apprenticeships.

Apprenticeships often provide clear pathways for career advancement, with opportunities for further certifications and leadership roles.

Apprenticeships are an excellent way to gain access to a company or a sector you want to work in, and if you do a really good job and become a valued member тАж

Stage #1 The Apprentice - the young or recent hire. Stage #2 The Professional - the person on a 'career journey'. Stage #3 The Mentor - the coach, or the idea generator. Stage #4 The Visionary - the pathfinder, sponsor and strategist.

An apprenticeship role is┬аa structured training program where individuals learn a specific trade or skill from experienced workers while earning a wage.┬аIt's a practical, hands-on approach to gaining skills and knowledge, often leading to certification or licensing.┬а

Key Features of an Apprenticeship Role:┬а

Structured Training:

Apprentices receive formal training, combining classroom learning with on-the-job experience.┬а

Mentorship:

They work under the guidance of experienced professionals (often called "master craftsmen" or "trainers").┬а

Practical Skills:

The focus is on developing practical abilities needed for the specific trade.┬а

Earn While You Learn:

Apprentices receive a wage or stipend while they are training.┬а

Potential for Certification/Licensing:

Upon completion, apprentices may earn a certificate or license demonstrating their skills.┬а

Industry Standards:

Apprenticeship programs often adhere to industry-specific standards and requirements.┬а

Benefits of an Apprenticeship Role:

Career Development:┬аProvides a pathway to a skilled career.┬а

Skill Development:┬аGaining practical skills and knowledge in a specific trade.┬а

Career Progression:┬аOpens doors to future employment opportunities.┬а

Job Security:┬аIn many industries, apprenticeships are seen as a way to secure employment.┬а

Practical Experience:┬аHands-on training provides valuable experience.┬а

Types of Apprenticeships:

Apprenticeships can be found in a wide variety of industries, including:┬а

Trades:┬аMechanics, electricians, carpenters, plumbers.

Manufacturing:┬аMachine operators, welders, production technicians.

Healthcare:┬аMedical assistants, dental assistants.

IT:┬аSoftware developers, network administrators.

Construction:┬аBricklayers, concrete finishers.

Other fields:┬аHairdressers, chefs, retail sales.┬а

Finding an Apprenticeship Role:

Online Job Boards:

Many job boards, like┬аIndeed┬аand┬аNaukri.com, have listings for apprenticeship roles.┬а

Trade Associations and Organizations:

These groups may have information about apprenticeship programs.┬а

Government Websites:

Government agencies like the┬аNational Apprenticeship Training Scheme (NATS)┬аmay list available apprenticeships.┬а

Networking:

Connecting with people in your desired industry can help you find apprenticeship opportunities.┬а

Skill Building:

Demonstrating interest and relevant skills can increase your chances of securing an apprenticeship.┬а

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Commerce world with Professionals and Economy
Posted 3 days ago

Sweets significantly impact the economy by stimulating consumer spending, creating employment opportunities, and supporting related industries like agriculture and transportation. During festivals and celebrations, the demand for sweets surges, boosting sales for confectioners and dairy farmers. The sweet industry also contributes to economic output, wages, and tax revenue.
Here's a more detailed look at the economic impact of sweets:
1. Increased Consumer Spending:
Festivals and celebrations are key drivers of sweet consumption, leading to a surge in demand and increased spending by consumers.
This increased spending benefits sweet shops, manufacturers, and related businesses.
The demand for sweets extends to other related items like dry fruits, milk, and sugar, further stimulating economic activity.
2. Employment Opportunities:
The sweet industry creates employment in manufacturing, retail, and related sectors like transportation and agriculture.
The demand for sweets during festivals can lead to temporary job growth as businesses hire additional staff to meet increased demand.
For every job in the candy industry, there can be a multiplier effect, creating seven additional jobs in related industries.
3. Support for Related Industries:
The sweet industry relies on various industries like agriculture for raw materials, transportation for distribution, and retail for sales.
The increased demand for sweets drives demand for ingredients like milk, sugar, and dry fruits, benefiting farmers and related businesses.
The sweet industry can also stimulate the tourism and hospitality sectors as people travel to enjoy traditional sweets during festivals.
4. Economic Output and Revenue:
The sweet industry contributes to the overall economic output of a region or country.
It generates revenue through sales of sweets and related products.
The industry also contributes to tax revenue through various taxes on production, sales, and wages.
5. Small-Scale Businesses:
A significant portion of the sweet industry is made up of small and medium-sized businesses.
These businesses are often family-owned and play a crucial role in creating local employment and contributing to local economies.
6. Cultural Significance:
Sweets hold cultural and traditional significance in many societies, especially during festivals and celebrations.
This cultural significance further drives demand and contributes to the economic importance of the sweet industry.

Manufacturers of chocolate, candy, gum and mints directly employ nearly 58,000 people across the United States, with almost 700,000 jobs supported in related тАж

Candy-making has a sweet effect on the U.S. economy with a 1:7 multiplier for job creation, according to economic impact data recently presented by the тАж

Small treats are becoming an essential part of office culture, helping employees take a quick break and to return feeling energised. This trend isn't just good for morale, it's making a real impact on the wider economy, driving spending in local shops, caf├йs, and physical retail stores.

India has had a long and rich tradition of sweets or 'mithais,' and they have an eternal significance in Indian culture. Sweets signify happiness, celebration, good omen, & prosperity. No festival, ceremony, or occasion can be complete without Indian sweets.

According to data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis, agriculture, food, and related industries contributed roughly $1.537 trillion to U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) in 2023, a 5.5-percent share. The output of America's farms contributed $222.3 billion of this sumтАФabout 0.8 percent of U.S. GDP.

As a reward, the brain releases dopamine which is also known as the тАЬhappy hormoneтАЭ. Small amounts of this chemical can be a boost to your own mental health.
During challenging moments, enjoying a piece of candy can trigger the body's relaxation response, helping us feel more at ease and reducing feelings of tension.

Our bodies use sugars as a fuel source

Glucose is the principal energy source of our brain. Without it, brain functions such as thinking, memory and learning are inhibited.
Sugar is a carbohydrate. Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for the human body. In fact, glucose (a product of carbohydrate digestion) is essential to the function of the central nervous system. Carbohydrates, including sugar, play an essential role in fueling the body.

3 - 0

Commerce world with Professionals and Economy
Posted 3 days ago

The Ganga Aarti ceremony significantly impacts the local economy by driving tourism, supporting local businesses, and promoting cultural heritage. The influx of tourists, attracted by the spiritual and cultural significance of the Aarti, boosts various sectors like hotels, transportation, and local industries, while also contributing to the revival of traditional crafts and handicrafts.

In terms of the economy, the Ganga Aarti has become a major force behind religious travel. Local companies, including as hotels, shops, boat services, and street vendors selling flowers and lights as offerings, have expanded as a result of the surge in tourists.

2. The Role/Importance of Ganga Aarti in Indian Culture. Ganga Aarti is important for its symbolic purposes. The celebration represents a purification of mind, body, and soul just like the river Ganges purifies all those who touch it.

The Ganga Aarti is a symbolic tribute to the power and sanctity of the Ganges River, which is considered the manifestation of the goddess Ganga, mother, purifier and protector of life.

Drone shot of Ganga Aarti at┬аDashashwamedh Ghat. The Ganga Aarti starts soon after sunset and lasts for about 45 minutes. In the summer, the Aarti begins at about 7pm due to late sunsets and in winter it starts at around 6pm. Hundreds of people gather at the ghat every evening to watch the event.

The Ganges River is revered by Hindus as a symbol of spiritual purity with magical healing properties and is one of the most important bodies of water in тАж

Maa Ganga is considered to be the goddess of purification and forgiveness for bathing in the holy Ganga or sprinkling Ganga jal around your home is said to тАж

Aarti is a devotional ritual involving the waving of a lighted lamp or camphor flame in front of the deity. Here's why Aarti is considered important after Pooja: Expressing Devotion: Aarti is a form of expressing deep devotion, love, and reverence to the deity.

The Ganga Aarti was initiated by┬аPandit Madan Mohan Malviya┬аin 1916 at Har Ki Pauri in Haridwar.┬аThe Aarti, a Hindu ritual of offering lights to the Ganges River, is now a well-known ceremony performed by the Shri Ganga Sabha at Har Ki Pauri, with two Aarti ceremonies each day: Mangala Aarti at sunrise and Shringar Aarti at sunset.┬а

In Hinduism, Ganga is seen as a mother to humanity. Pilgrims immerse the ashes of their kin in the river Ganga, which is considered by them to bring the souls (purified spirits) closer to moksha, the liberation from the cycle of life and death.

Yes, Ganga Aarti is performed every evening in Varanasi and other cities along the Ganges. In Varanasi, the main Aarti is performed at Dashashwamedh Ghat, while other ghats like Assi Ghat may also have aarti rituals. The evening Ganga Aarti is a popular event, attracting many tourists and devotees. While morning Aarti may also be performed, it's not as widely known as the evening one.

The Ganga (Ganges) river holds immense spiritual and practical benefits in Indian culture. In Hinduism, it's considered a sacred, purifying river, believed to wash away sins and negative karma, and help achieve liberation (moksha). Scientifically, Ganga Jal has been observed to possess certain natural purification and antimicrobial properties.
Spiritual Benefits:
Purification and Liberation:
Hindus believe bathing in or using the Ganga's water can purify the soul, remove negative karma, and help in achieving salvation.
Divine Connection:
The river's mythical origins and connection to deities like Shiva and Vishnu further solidify its sanctity.
Spiritual Practices:
Ganga Jal is used in various rituals, including worship, ancestral rites, weddings, and daily prayers.
Practical Benefits:
Self-Purification:
Studies suggest that the Ganga's water has the ability to self-purify faster than other rivers, and that its microbial life aids in biodegradation.
Natural Antimicrobial Properties:
The water has been found to contain natural antimicrobial compounds that can reduce harmful microorganisms.
Mineral Composition:
Ganga Jal is rich in minerals like calcium and magnesium, which are believed to have health benefits.
Reduced Pollution:
Research suggests that the river has a relatively low BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), indicating less organic pollution.
Historical and Cultural Significance:
Mythological Narrative:
The river's descent from heaven to Earth, as described in Hindu mythology, highlights its divine nature and purpose.
Essential Component of Life:
Gangajal is used in various life stages, from birth and marriage to death, emphasizing its integral role in Hindu life.

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Commerce world with Professionals and Economy
Posted 6 days ago

The environment and the economy are deeply intertwined.┬аThe environment provides essential resources for economic activities, and economic activities impact the environment.┬аEnvironmental degradation can negatively impact economic growth through reduced productivity, increased health costs, and other factors.┬аHowever, environmental protection can also have positive economic effects by creating jobs, reducing health costs, and improving the attractiveness of business locations.┬а

Here's a more detailed look at the relationship:

Negative Impacts of Environmental Degradation on the Economy:

Reduced Productivity:

Air pollution, water pollution, and climate change can impact workforce productivity, leading to lost workdays and reduced output.┬а

Increased Healthcare Costs:

Pollution and climate change exacerbate respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, increasing healthcare costs for individuals and governments.┬а

Loss of Natural Resources:

Depletion of natural resources like water, forests, and minerals can disrupt industries and reduce economic activity.┬а

Damage to Infrastructure:

Natural disasters like floods and droughts can damage infrastructure, leading to disruptions and economic losses.┬а

Reduced Tourism and Investments:

Environmental degradation, such as pollution and habitat loss, can deter tourists and investors, impacting economic growth.┬а

Agricultural Productivity:

Climate change and pollution can negatively impact crop yields and livestock productivity, leading to food shortages and economic losses.┬а

Positive Impacts of Environmental Protection on the Economy:

Creation of Jobs:

Environmental protection measures often create jobs in areas like renewable energy, waste management, and pollution control.┬а

Reduced Health Costs:

Improved air and water quality can lead to reduced healthcare costs and increased productivity.┬а

Attraction of Businesses:

Regions with strong environmental protection policies can attract businesses and skilled workers, boosting economic growth.┬а

Increased Efficiency and Innovation:

Focus on sustainable practices can lead to more efficient resource use and technological innovation.┬а

Development of Green Industries:

Environmental protection can drive the growth of new industries focused on renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and other green technologies.┬а

Examples of the Interconnection:

Air Pollution in India:

Air pollution in India has been estimated to cost the economy around 3% of GDP due to reduced productivity, work absences, and premature deaths,┬аaccording to the Clean Air Fund.┬а

Climate Change and Crop Yields:

Increased temperatures and changing precipitation patterns due to climate change can reduce crop yields and increase food insecurity.┬а

Sustainable Farming Practices:

Transitioning to sustainable farming methods can improve soil health, reduce water usage, and increase crop yields, leading to economic benefits.┬а

In conclusion, the relationship between the environment and the economy is complex and bidirectional.┬аWhile environmental degradation can lead to significant economic costs, environmental protection and sustainable practices can also create economic opportunities and contribute to a more resilient and prosperous future.┬а

Air pollution is bad for business

Air pollution hampers workforce productivity and economic activity: 1.2 billion work days are lost globally every year, which could reach 3.8 billion days by 2060. The World Bank estimates that the health damage caused by air pollution costs $6 trillion a year.

It underpins our economy, our society, indeed our very existence. Our forests, rivers, oceans and soils provide us with the food we eat, the air we breathe, the water we irrigate our crops with. We also rely on them for numerous other goods and services we depend on for our health, happiness and prosperity.

If we think about the environment then we might consider the water supply, the temperatures in winter and summer, as well as the resources available to an area, like rivers, coastline, and so on. Each of these factors has an impact upon economic development in a country.

Effects of Climate Change
Hotter temperatures. As greenhouse gas concentrations rise, so does the global surface temperature. ...
More severe storms. ...
Increased drought. ...
A warming, rising ocean. ...
Loss of species. ...
Not enough food. ...
More health risks. ...
Poverty and displacement.

For many years, we've heard that economic growth and environmental protection are in conflict. However, there is growing and compelling evidence that this simply is not the case: A strong economy and a healthy environment are not only complementary, but each depends on the other.

Understanding the economic environment is crucial for making informed financial decisions, whether you're running a business, planning investments, or simply тАж

A favorable economic environment can lead to growth and expansion, while an unfavorable one can pose significant challenges.

Natural resources are crucial for human survival, economic development, and environmental well-being.┬аTheir importance stems from various factors, including┬аproviding food, shelter, energy, and raw materials for industry.┬аMoreover, they play a vital role in maintaining ecosystems, supporting biodiversity, and contributing to a healthy planet.┬а

Here are 10 key importance of natural resources:

1.┬аFood and Shelter:

Natural resources provide the basic necessities of life, such as food from agriculture and land, and shelter from materials like wood and stone.┬а

2.┬аEnergy Production:

Natural resources like fossil fuels, solar energy, and wind energy are essential for powering our homes, industries, and transportation.┬а

3.┬аRaw Materials for Industry:

Natural resources serve as raw materials for various industries, including manufacturing, construction, and textiles.┬а

4.┬аEconomic Development:

The extraction and use of natural resources can drive economic growth by creating jobs, stimulating industries, and generating revenue.┬а

5.┬аEnvironmental Balance:

Natural resources, including air, water, and soil, are crucial for maintaining a healthy environment and supporting diverse ecosystems.┬а

6.┬аBiodiversity and Wildlife:

Natural resources provide habitats for various species, contributing to the preservation of biodiversity and the well-being of wildlife.┬а

7.┬аCultural and Recreational Value:

Natural resources offer cultural and recreational opportunities, including scenic landscapes, parks, and wildlife sanctuaries.┬а

8.┬аMedicinal Value:

Many plants and animals provide medicinal properties, contributing to human health and well-being.┬а

9.┬аSustainability and Resource Management:

Proper management of natural resources is crucial for ensuring their availability for future generations.┬а

10.┬аClimate Change Mitigation:

Natural resources, such as forests and wetlands, play a role in absorbing carbon dioxide and mitigating climate change.┬а

In essence, natural resources are the foundation of our society and economy, and their conservation and sustainable use are essential for the well-being of both humans and the planet.┬а

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Commerce world with Professionals and Economy
Posted 6 days ago

рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ (рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛) рдФрд░ рдпреВрдкреАрдПрд╕ (рдПрдХреАрдХреГрдд рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛) рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛рдПрдВ рд╣реИрдВ, рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдЙрдирдХреЗ рдмреАрдЪ рдХрдИ рдЕрдВрддрд░ рд╣реИрдВред┬ардПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ рдореЗрдВ, рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░реА рдмрд╛рдЬрд╛рд░ рдЖрдзрд╛рд░рд┐рдд рдирд┐рд╡реЗрд╢ рдореЗрдВ рдирд┐рд╡реЗрд╢ рдХрд░рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ рдФрд░ рд░рд┐рдЯрд░реНрди рдкреНрд░рд╛рдкреНрдд рдХрд░рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ, рдЬреЛ рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рд░рд╛рд╢рд┐ рд╣реИ.┬ардпреВрдкреАрдПрд╕ рдореЗрдВ, рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдПрдХ рд╕реБрдирд┐рд╢реНрдЪрд┐рдд рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рд░рд╛рд╢рд┐ рдорд┐рд▓рддреА рд╣реИ, рдЬреЛ рд╕реЗрд╡рд╛рдирд┐рд╡реГрддреНрддрд┐ рд╕реЗ рдкрд╣рд▓реЗ рдкрд┐рдЫрд▓реЗ 12 рдорд╣реАрдиреЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдФрд╕рдд рдореВрд▓ рд╡реЗрддрди рдХрд╛ 50% рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИ.┬а

рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ (рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛):

рдпрд╣ рдПрдХ рдЕрдВрд╢рджрд╛рдпреА рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛ рд╣реИ, рдЬрд┐рд╕рдореЗрдВ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░реА рдФрд░ рдирд┐рдпреЛрдХреНрддрд╛ рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ рдЕрдВрд╢рджрд╛рди рдХрд░рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ.

рдпрд╣ рдмрд╛рдЬрд╛рд░ рдЖрдзрд╛рд░рд┐рдд рдирд┐рд╡реЗрд╢ рдкрд░ рдЖрдзрд╛рд░рд┐рдд рд╣реИ, рдЬрд┐рд╕рдХрд╛ рдЕрд░реНрде рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░реА рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рдирд┐рд╡реЗрд╢ рд╡рд┐рдХрд▓реНрдк рдЪреБрди рд╕рдХрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ.

рдпрд╣ рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ (рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛) рдХреЗ рддрд╣рдд рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рд▓рдЪреАрд▓рд╛ рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░реА рдЕрдкрдиреА рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рд░рд╛рд╢рд┐ рдХреЛ рдирд┐рд░реНрдзрд╛рд░рд┐рдд рдХрд░ рд╕рдХрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ.

рдпрд╣ рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ (рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛) рдореЗрдВ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рд░рд┐рдЯрд░реНрди рдХреА рд╕рдВрднрд╛рд╡рдирд╛ рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИ, рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдЗрд╕рдореЗрдВ рдЬреЛрдЦрд┐рдо рднреА рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИ.┬а

рдпреВрдкреАрдПрд╕ (рдПрдХреАрдХреГрдд рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛):

рдпрд╣ рдПрдХ рдкрд░рд┐рднрд╛рд╖рд┐рдд рд▓рд╛рдн рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛ рд╣реИ, рдЬрд┐рд╕рдХрд╛ рдЕрд░реНрде рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдПрдХ рдирд┐рд╢реНрдЪрд┐рдд рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рд░рд╛рд╢рд┐ рдорд┐рд▓рддреА рд╣реИ, рдЪрд╛рд╣реЗ рд╡реЗ рдХреИрд╕реЗ рдирд┐рд╡реЗрд╢ рдХрд░реЗрдВ.

рдпрд╣ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реА рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рдПрдХ рдирд┐рд╢реНрдЪрд┐рдд рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рд░рд╛рд╢рд┐ рдкреНрд░рджрд╛рди рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИ.

рдпрд╣ рдпреВрдкреАрдПрд╕ (рдПрдХреАрдХреГрдд рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛) рдореЗрдВ рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ (рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛) рдХреА рддреБрд▓рдирд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рд╕реНрдерд┐рд░рддрд╛ рдФрд░ рд╕реБрд░рдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдкреНрд░рджрд╛рди рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рд░рд┐рдЯрд░реНрди рдХреА рд╕рдВрднрд╛рд╡рдирд╛ рдХрдо рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИ.┬а

рдЕрд░реНрдерд╡реНрдпрд╡рд╕реНрдерд╛ рдкрд░ рдкреНрд░рднрд╛рд╡:

рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕:

рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ рдХреЗ рддрд╣рдд, рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░реА рдмрд╛рдЬрд╛рд░ рдЖрдзрд╛рд░рд┐рдд рдирд┐рд╡реЗрд╢ рдореЗрдВ рдирд┐рд╡реЗрд╢ рдХрд░рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ, рдЬрд┐рд╕рд╕реЗ рдЕрд░реНрдерд╡реНрдпрд╡рд╕реНрдерд╛ рдХреЛ рдкреВрдВрдЬреА рдорд┐рд▓рддреА рд╣реИ.

рдпреВрдкреАрдПрд╕:

рдпреВрдкреАрдПрд╕ рдХреЗ рддрд╣рдд, рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреЛ рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдХрд╛ рднреБрдЧрддрд╛рди рдХрд░рдирд╛ рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рдЬреЛ рдЕрд░реНрдерд╡реНрдпрд╡рд╕реНрдерд╛ рдкрд░ рд╡рд┐рддреНрддреАрдп рдмреЛрдЭ рд╣реЛ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИ.┬а

рдХреМрди рд╕рд╛ рдмреЗрд╣рддрд░ рд╣реИ:

рдпрд╣ рдЗрд╕ рдмрд╛рдд рдкрд░ рдирд┐рд░реНрднрд░ рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рдЖрдк рдХреНрдпрд╛ рдЪрд╛рд╣рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред┬ардпрджрд┐ рдЖрдк рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рд░рд┐рдЯрд░реНрди рдЪрд╛рд╣рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ, рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдЬреЛрдЦрд┐рдо рднреА рдЙрдард╛рдирд╛ рдЪрд╛рд╣рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ, рддреЛ рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ (рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛) рдПрдХ рдмреЗрд╣рддрд░ рд╡рд┐рдХрд▓реНрдк рд╣реЛ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИ.┬ардпрджрд┐ рдЖрдк рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рд╕реНрдерд┐рд░рддрд╛ рдФрд░ рд╕реБрд░рдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдЪрд╛рд╣рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ, рддреЛ рдпреВрдкреАрдПрд╕ (рдПрдХреАрдХреГрдд рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛) рдПрдХ рдмреЗрд╣рддрд░ рд╡рд┐рдХрд▓реНрдк рд╣реЛ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИ.┬а

рдирд┐рд╖реНрдХрд░реНрд╖:

рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ (рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛) рдФрд░ рдпреВрдкреАрдПрд╕ (рдПрдХреАрдХреГрдд рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛) рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ рд╣реА рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛рдПрдВ рд╣реИрдВ, рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдЙрдирдХреЗ рдмреАрдЪ рдХрдИ рдЕрдВрддрд░ рд╣реИрдВред┬ардПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ (рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛) рдореЗрдВ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рд▓рдЪреАрд▓рд╛рдкрди рдФрд░ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рд░рд┐рдЯрд░реНрди рдХреА рд╕рдВрднрд╛рд╡рдирд╛ рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИ, рдЬрдмрдХрд┐ рдпреВрдкреАрдПрд╕ (рдПрдХреАрдХреГрдд рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛) рдореЗрдВ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рд╕реНрдерд┐рд░рддрд╛ рдФрд░ рд╕реБрд░рдХреНрд╖рд╛ рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИ.┬ардпрд╣ рдЗрд╕ рдмрд╛рдд рдкрд░ рдирд┐рд░реНрднрд░ рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рдЖрдк рдХреНрдпрд╛ рдЪрд╛рд╣рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред┬а

рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ (рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛) рдФрд░ рдпреВрдкреАрдПрд╕ (рдПрдХрдХреГрдд рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛) рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ рд╣реА рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛рдПрдВ рд╣реИрдВ, рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдЙрдирдХреЗ рдмреАрдЪ рдХреБрдЫ рдорд╣рддреНрд╡рдкреВрд░реНрдг рдЕрдВрддрд░ рд╣реИрдВред рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ рдмрд╛рдЬрд╛рд░ рд╕реЗ рдЬреБрдбрд╝реА рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИ, рдЬрд┐рд╕рдХрд╛ рдорддрд▓рдм рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдХреА рд░рд╛рд╢рд┐ рдирд┐рд╡реЗрд╢ рдкрд░ рдирд┐рд░реНрднрд░ рдХрд░рддреА рд╣реИред рдпреВрдкреАрдПрд╕ рдПрдХ рдирд┐рд╢реНрдЪрд┐рдд рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛ рд╣реИ, рдЬреЛ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реА рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдХреА рдирд┐рд╢реНрдЪрд┐рдд рд░рд╛рд╢рд┐ рдкреНрд░рджрд╛рди рдХрд░рддреА рд╣реИ.
рдпреВрдкреАрдПрд╕ рдХреЛ рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ рд╕реЗ рдмреЗрд╣рддрд░ рдорд╛рдирд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рдХреНрдпреЛрдВрдХрд┐ рдпрд╣ рдПрдХ рдирд┐рд╢реНрдЪрд┐рдд рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдкреНрд░рджрд╛рди рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рдЬреЛ рдмрд╛рдЬрд╛рд░ рдХреЗ рдЙрддрд╛рд░-рдЪрдврд╝рд╛рд╡ рд╕реЗ рдкреНрд░рднрд╛рд╡рд┐рдд рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИ. рд╣рд╛рд▓рд╛рдВрдХрд┐, рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ рдмрд╛рдЬрд╛рд░ рд╕реЗ рдЬреБрдбрд╝реА рд╣реЛрдиреЗ рдХреЗ рдХрд╛рд░рдг, рдЗрд╕рдореЗрдВ рдирд┐рд╡реЗрд╢ рдкрд░ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рд░рд┐рдЯрд░реНрди рдкреНрд░рд╛рдкреНрдд рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреА рд╕рдВрднрд╛рд╡рдирд╛ рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИ, рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдЬреЛрдЦрд┐рдо рднреА рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИ.
рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕:
рдмрд╛рдЬрд╛рд░ рд╕реЗ рдЬреБрдбрд╝реА рд╣реИ, рдЗрд╕рд▓рд┐рдП рдирд┐рд╡реЗрд╢ рдкрд░ рд░рд┐рдЯрд░реНрди рдХреА рдХреЛрдИ рдЧрд╛рд░рдВрдЯреА рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИ.
рдирд┐рд╡реЗрд╢ рдХреЗ рдЬреЛрдЦрд┐рдо рдХреЛ рд╕рд╣рди рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреА рдХреНрд╖рдорддрд╛ рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддрд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЙрдкрдпреБрдХреНрдд рд╣реИ.
рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдХреА рд░рд╛рд╢рд┐ рдирд┐рд╡реЗрд╢ рдкрд░ рдирд┐рд░реНрднрд░ рдХрд░рддреА рд╣реИ.
рд╕реЗрд╡рд╛рдирд┐рд╡реГрддреНрддрд┐ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж рдПрдХрдореБрд╢реНрдд рд░рд╛рд╢рд┐ рдирд┐рдХрд╛рд▓рдиреЗ рдХрд╛ рд╡рд┐рдХрд▓реНрдк рдЙрдкрд▓рдмреНрдз рд╣реИ.
рдпреВрдкреАрдПрд╕:
рдПрдХ рдирд┐рд╢реНрдЪрд┐рдд рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдкреНрд░рджрд╛рди рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рдЬреЛ рдмрд╛рдЬрд╛рд░ рдХреЗ рдЙрддрд╛рд░-рдЪрдврд╝рд╛рд╡ рд╕реЗ рдкреНрд░рднрд╛рд╡рд┐рдд рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИ.
рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реА рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЙрдкрд▓рдмреНрдз рд╣реИ.
рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдХреА рд░рд╛рд╢рд┐ рдирд┐рд╢реНрдЪрд┐рдд рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИ.
рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдХреА рд░рд╛рд╢рд┐ рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди рдкрд░ рдирд┐рд░реНрднрд░ рдХрд░рддреА рд╣реИ, рдЬреЛ рд╕рднреА рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реА рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЕрдирд┐рд╡рд╛рд░реНрдп рд╣реИ.
рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдХреА рд░рд╛рд╢рд┐ рдореЗрдВ рд╣рд░ рд╕рд╛рд▓ рд╡реГрджреНрдзрд┐ рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИ.
рдирд┐рд╖реНрдХрд░реНрд╖:
рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ рдФрд░ рдпреВрдкреАрдПрд╕ рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ рд╣реА рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛рдПрдВ рд╣реИрдВ, рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдЙрдирдХреЗ рдмреАрдЪ рдХреБрдЫ рдорд╣рддреНрд╡рдкреВрд░реНрдг рдЕрдВрддрд░ рд╣реИрдВред рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ рдмрд╛рдЬрд╛рд░ рд╕реЗ рдЬреБрдбрд╝реА рд╣реИ, рдЗрд╕рд▓рд┐рдП рдирд┐рд╡реЗрд╢ рдкрд░ рд░рд┐рдЯрд░реНрди рдХреА рдХреЛрдИ рдЧрд╛рд░рдВрдЯреА рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИред рдпреВрдкреАрдПрд╕ рдПрдХ рдирд┐рд╢реНрдЪрд┐рдд рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛ рд╣реИ, рдЬреЛ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реА рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдХреА рдирд┐рд╢реНрдЪрд┐рдд рд░рд╛рд╢рд┐ рдкреНрд░рджрд╛рди рдХрд░рддреА рд╣реИ.
рдпрджрд┐ рдЖрдк рдПрдХ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░реА рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░реА рд╣реИрдВ, рддреЛ рдпреВрдкреАрдПрд╕ рдЖрдкрдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдмреЗрд╣рддрд░ рд╡рд┐рдХрд▓реНрдк рд╣реЛ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рдХреНрдпреЛрдВрдХрд┐ рдпрд╣ рдПрдХ рдирд┐рд╢реНрдЪрд┐рдд рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдкреНрд░рджрд╛рди рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдпрджрд┐ рдЖрдк рдПрдХ рдирд┐рдЬреА рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рдХрд╛ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░реА рд╣реИрдВ рдпрд╛ рдмрд╛рдЬрд╛рд░ рд╕реЗ рдЬреБрдбрд╝реЗ рдирд┐рд╡реЗрд╢ рдкрд░ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рд░рд┐рдЯрд░реНрди рдкреНрд░рд╛рдкреНрдд рдХрд░рдирд╛ рдЪрд╛рд╣рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ, рддреЛ рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ рдЖрдкрдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдмреЗрд╣рддрд░ рд╡рд┐рдХрд▓реНрдк рд╣реЛ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдпрд╣ рдЬреЛрдЦрд┐рдо рднреА рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИ.
рдПрдЖрдИ рд╕реЗ рдорд┐рд▓реЗ рдЬрд╡рд╛рдмреЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдЧрд▓рддрд┐рдпрд╛рдВ рд╣реЛ рд╕рдХрддреА рд╣реИрдВ. рд╡рд┐рддреНрддреАрдп рд╕рд▓рд╛рд╣ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП, рдХрд┐рд╕реА рд╡рд┐рддреНрддреАрдп рд╡рд┐рд╢реЗрд╖рдЬреНрдЮ рд╕реЗ рдмрд╛рдд рдХрд░реЗрдВ. рдЬрд╝реНрдпрд╛рджрд╛ рдЬрд╛рдиреЗрдВ


рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ рдХреЗ рдиреБрдХрд╕рд╛рди рдпрд╛ рд╡рд┐рдкрдХреНрд╖
рдирд┐рдХрд╛рд╕реА рд╕реАрдорд╛ рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ рд▓реЙрдХ-рдЗрди рдЕрд╡рдзрд┐ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде-рд╕рд╛рде рдкреЗрдВрд╢рди рдЦрд╛рддреЗ рд╕реЗ рдирд┐рдХрд╛рд╕реА рдкрд░ рднреА рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рдмрдВрдз рд╣реИред ...
рдирд┐рдХрд╛рд╕реА рдХреЗ рд╕рдордп рдХрд░рд╛рдзрд╛рди ...
рдЦрд╛рддрд╛ рдЦреЛрд▓рдиреЗ рдкрд░ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рдмрдВрдз ...
рдЗрдХреНрд╡рд┐рдЯреА рдореЗрдВ рд╕реАрдорд┐рдд рдПрдХреНрд╕рдкреЛрдЬрд╝рд░ ...
рдЕрдирд┐рд╡рд╛рд░реНрдп рд╡рд╛рд░реНрд╖рд┐рдХреА ...
рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ рд▓реЙрдХ-рдЗрди рдЕрд╡рдзрд┐ ...
рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ рдлрдВрдб рдореИрдиреЗрдЬрд░ рдЪреБрдирдиреЗ рдХреА рдЬрдЯрд┐рд▓рддрд╛

рд╡рд┐рддреНрддреАрдп рд░реВрдк рд╕реЗ рдЬрд╛рдЧрд░реВрдХ рдирд┐рд╡реЗрд╢рдХреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП, рдЗрд╕рдХреА рддрд░рд▓рддрд╛ рдХреА рдХрдореА рдФрд░ рд╡рд╛рд░реНрд╖рд┐рдХреА рдкрд░ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рдХреВрд▓ рдХрд░ рд▓рд╛рд▓ рдЭрдВрдбреЗ рдЙрдард╛рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ ред рд╡рд┐рд╢реЗрд╖рдЬреНрдЮреЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рдорд╛рдирдирд╛ тАЛтАЛрд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рдЬреЛ рд▓реЛрдЧ рдзрди рдирд┐рд░реНрдорд╛рдг рдХреЛ рд╕рдордЭрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ, рдЙрдирдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП NPS рдирд┐рдпрдВрддреНрд░рдг рдФрд░ рд░рд┐рдЯрд░реНрди рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдорд╛рдорд▓реЗ рдореЗрдВ рдХрдо рдкрдбрд╝ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИред рд╕реБрд░рдХреНрд╖рд┐рдд рдФрд░ рддрдирд╛рд╡ рдореБрдХреНрдд рднрд╡рд┐рд╖реНрдп рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд░рд┐рдЯрд╛рдпрд░рдореЗрдВрдЯ рдкреНрд▓рд╛рдирд┐рдВрдЧ рдорд╣рддреНрд╡рдкреВрд░реНрдг рд╣реИред

рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ (NPS) рдореЗрдВ, рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреЗ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдФрд░ рдХреБрдЫ рдЕрдиреНрдп рдорд╛рдорд▓реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдЕрдВрд╢рджрд╛рди рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди рдХрд░рддреА рд╣реИред рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреЗ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП, рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдЙрдирдХреЗ рд╡реЗрддрди (рдмреЗрд╕рд┐рдХ + рдбреАрдП) рдХрд╛ 14% рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди рдХрд░рддреА рд╣реИ, рдЬреЛ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░реА рдХреЗ 10% рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рдореЗрд▓ рдЦрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ. рдирд┐рдЬреА рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рдХреЗ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдорд╛рдорд▓реЗ рдореЗрдВ, рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдЖрдорддреМрд░ рдкрд░ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░реА рдХреЗ рдЕрдВрд╢рджрд╛рди рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рдореЗрд▓ рдирд╣реАрдВ рдХрд░рддреА рд╣реИ.
рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреЗ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП:
рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░реА рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рд╡реЗрддрди рдХрд╛ 10% рдЕрдВрд╢рджрд╛рди рдХрд░рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ.
рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░реА рдХреЗ рдЕрдВрд╢рджрд╛рди рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде 14% рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди рдХрд░рддреА рд╣реИ.
рдХреБрд▓ рдорд┐рд▓рд╛рдХрд░, рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ рдореЗрдВ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░реА рдФрд░ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХрд╛ рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди 24% рддрдХ рд╣реЛ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИ.
рдЕрдиреНрдп рдорд╛рдорд▓реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ:
рдХреБрдЫ рдирд┐рдЬреА рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рдХреЗ рдирд┐рдпреЛрдХреНрддрд╛рдУрдВ рдХреЛ рднреА рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ рдореЗрдВ рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди рдХрд░рдирд╛ рдЖрд╡рд╢реНрдпрдХ рд╣реИ.
рдирд┐рдпреЛрдХреНрддрд╛ рдХреЗ рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди рдХрд╛ рдирд┐рдпрдо рдирд┐рдЬреА рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЕрд▓рдЧ-рдЕрд▓рдЧ рд╣реЛ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИ.
рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреЗ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд╡рд┐рдкрд░реАрдд, рдирд┐рдЬреА рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рдХреЗ рдирд┐рдпреЛрдХреНрддрд╛рдУрдВ рдХреЛ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░реА рдХреЗ рдЕрдВрд╢рджрд╛рди рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рдореЗрд▓ рдирд╣реАрдВ рдХрд░рдирд╛ рдкрдбрд╝рддрд╛ рд╣реИ.
рд╕реНрд╡-рдирд┐рдпреЛрдЬрд┐рдд рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддрд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдпрд╛ рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддрд┐рдЧрдд рдЦрд╛рддрд╛рдзрд╛рд░рдХреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП, рд╡реЗ рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ рдореЗрдВ рдЕрдкрдиреА рдкрд╕рдВрдж рдХреЗ рдЕрдиреБрд╕рд╛рд░ рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди рдХрд░ рд╕рдХрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ.
рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рд╕реНрд╡-рдирд┐рдпреЛрдЬрд┐рдд рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддрд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдпрд╛ рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддрд┐рдЧрдд рдЦрд╛рддрд╛рдзрд╛рд░рдХреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдХреЛрдИ рдЕрддрд┐рд░рд┐рдХреНрдд рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди рдирд╣реАрдВ рдХрд░рддреА рд╣реИ.
рдЙрджрд╛рд╣рд░рдг рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП:
рдЕрдЧрд░ рдПрдХ рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХрд╛ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░реА 10,000 рд░реБрдкрдпреЗ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐ рдорд╛рд╣ рдХрд╛ рд╡реЗрддрди рд▓реЗрддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рддреЛ рд╡рд╣ рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ рдореЗрдВ 1,000 рд░реБрдкрдпреЗ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐ рдорд╛рд╣ рдХрд╛ рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди рдХрд░реЗрдЧрд╛. рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рднреА рдЙрд╕реА рд░рд╛рд╢рд┐ (1,000 рд░реБрдкрдпреЗ) рдХрд╛ рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди рдХрд░реЗрдЧреА, рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХрд╛ рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди 1,400 рд░реБрдкрдпреЗ рддрдХ рд╣реЛрдЧрд╛ рдХреНрдпреЛрдВрдХрд┐ рдпрд╣ 14% рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди рдХрд░рддреА рд╣реИ.
рдпрд╣ рдзреНрдпрд╛рди рд░рдЦрдирд╛ рдорд╣рддреНрд╡рдкреВрд░реНрдг рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ рдореЗрдВ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХрд╛ рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреЗ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЙрдкрд▓рдмреНрдз рд╣реИ. рдирд┐рдЬреА рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рдХреЗ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░реА рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ рдореЗрдВ рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рдпреЛрдЧрджрд╛рди рд╕реЗ рд▓рд╛рднрд╛рдиреНрд╡рд┐рдд рд╣реЛ рд╕рдХрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ.
рдпрд╣ рдЬрд╛рдирдХрд╛рд░реА рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ рд╕рд╛рдорд╛рдиреНрдп рдорд╛рд░реНрдЧрджрд░реНрд╢рди рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рдпрд╣ рдкреВрд░реА рддрд░рд╣ рд╕реЗ рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ рдХреЗ рдирд┐рдпрдореЛрдВ рдФрд░ рд╢рд░реНрддреЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рд░реВрдк рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реИ. рдПрдирдкреАрдПрд╕ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рд░реЗ рдореЗрдВ рд╡рд┐рд╕реНрддреГрдд рдЬрд╛рдирдХрд╛рд░реА рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП, рдЖрдк NPS Trust рдХреА рд╡реЗрдмрд╕рд╛рдЗрдЯ рдкрд░ рдЬрд╛ рд╕рдХрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред
рдПрдЖрдИ рд╕реЗ рдорд┐рд▓реЗ рдЬрд╡рд╛рдмреЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдЧрд▓рддрд┐рдпрд╛рдВ рд╣реЛ рд╕рдХрддреА рд╣реИрдВ. рд╡рд┐рддреНрддреАрдп рд╕рд▓рд╛рд╣ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП, рдХрд┐рд╕реА рд╡рд┐рддреНрддреАрдп рд╡рд┐рд╢реЗрд╖рдЬреНрдЮ рд╕реЗ рдмрд╛рдд рдХрд░реЗрдВ. рдЬрд╝реНрдпрд╛рджрд╛ рдЬрд╛рдиреЗрдВ

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Commerce world with Professionals and Economy
Posted 1 week ago

Economic sanctions imposed on a country can significantly impact its economy, potentially leading to┬аreduced GDP growth, decreased trade, and hindered investment.┬аThey can also exacerbate poverty and inequality, negatively affecting the livelihoods of ordinary citizens.┬аFurthermore, sanctions can disrupt supply chains, leading to delays and increased costs for businesses.┬а

Here's a more detailed look at the potential impacts:

Negative Economic Impacts:

Reduced GDP Growth:

Sanctions often lead to a decline in a country's real GDP growth, as they restrict economic activity and investment.┬а

Decreased Trade:

Sanctions can disrupt international trade by restricting exports and imports, impacting businesses and consumers.┬а

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Deterrence:

Sanctions can make a country less attractive to foreign investors, leading to a decrease in FDI.┬а

Increased Poverty and Inequality:

Sanctions can disproportionately affect vulnerable populations, increasing poverty and widening the gap between the rich and the poor.┬а

Supply Chain Disruptions:

Compliance with sanctions can cause delays, increased costs, and potential legal challenges for businesses involved in international supply chains.┬а

Potential Positive Impacts (in some cases):

Increased Trade Opportunities for Other Countries:

Sanctions can sometimes create new trade opportunities for countries that are not subject to sanctions.┬а

Reduced Dependence on Targeted Economy:

Sanctions can force a country to diversify its trade and investment partners, reducing its reliance on a single economy.┬а

Increased Pressure for Political Change:

Sanctions are sometimes intended to encourage a targeted country to change its policies or behavior.┬а

Overall, economic sanctions can have a multifaceted impact, with significant negative consequences for the targeted economy, its citizens, and even its neighbors.┬аWhile they can be a tool for promoting international law and achieving specific policy goals, their effectiveness and potential for unintended consequences need careful consideration.┬а

Sanctions can also restrict a country's ability to import essential goods, including technology, machinery, and consumer products. This can lead to shortages, increased prices, and a decline in the quality of goods available in the domestic market.

The main argument is that sanctions increase the risk and transaction cost of international trade leading to a reduction in profitability. This ultimately results in to decline in trade flow between the target and sender states.

They restrict or ban certain types of trade, services, or financial transactions. These measures are applied as part of a larger strategy to uphold international law, punish violations, or coerce a government into changing its policies.

economic sanctions are an important foreign policy tool that the u.s. uses to try and deter foreign states that are acting contrary to our interest or engaging in behavior such as human rights abuses.

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Commerce world with Professionals and Economy
Posted 1 week ago

The internet significantly impacts economies by┬аdriving productivity gains, creating new markets, and facilitating global trade.┬аIncreased internet access and broadband penetration can boost GDP growth, particularly in developing countries, according to research by the World Bank.┬аFurthermore, the internet has a substantial influence on the digital economy, contributing to GDP growth and influencing various aspects of economic activity.┬а

Here's a more detailed look at the economic impact of the internet:

1. Increased Productivity and Efficiency:

Improved business operations:

The internet enables businesses to streamline operations, reduce transaction costs, and increase efficiency through online platforms and tools.┬а

Access to information:

Online resources provide businesses with access to extensive information, enabling better decision-making and improved performance.┬а

Enhanced workforce productivity:

Internet access and digital skills empower employees to work more effectively and efficiently, leading to higher productivity levels.┬а

Innovation and new business models:

The internet fosters innovation by creating new business models and market opportunities, leading to economic growth.┬а

2. E-commerce and Market Expansion:

Online marketplaces:

The internet has facilitated the rise of e-commerce platforms and online marketplaces, expanding market access for businesses and consumers.┬а

Global trade and connectivity:

The internet enables businesses to reach a wider global audience, fostering international trade and economic integration.┬а

Increased consumer spending:

Online shopping and digital transactions drive increased consumer spending, contributing to economic growth.┬а

3. Economic Growth and Development:

GDP contribution:

The internet's contribution to GDP has been substantial, particularly in developing countries, with a significant increase in GDP growth attributed to internet penetration.┬а

Digital economy:

The digital economy, encompassing online businesses and services, has become a major driver of economic growth, influencing various sectors and industries.┬а

Job creation and economic opportunities:

The internet has created new job opportunities in the digital sector and has also empowered individuals to access remote and web-based jobs.┬а

4. Challenges and Considerations:

Digital divide:

The uneven distribution of internet access and digital skills can exacerbate economic inequalities, creating a digital divide.┬а

Disruptions to internet connectivity:

Internet disruptions can cause significant economic losses, highlighting the importance of reliable digital infrastructure.┬а

Cybersecurity threats:

The internet presents security risks, including cyberattacks and data breaches, which can have economic consequences.┬а

The Internet will produce significant cost savings in many sectors of the economy, resulting in faster productivity growth. It will also produce lower prices for consumers, resulting in faster growth in living standards.

The Internet of Things can speed up industries, increase revenue, change the way people used to work, and even lead to the emergence of new business models.

The internet has democratized access to information, breaking down barriers that restricted knowledge to specific geographical locations. Research papers, academic journals, and vast knowledge libraries are now available to anyone with an internet connection. Learning new skills has become more accessible and diverse.
The 'Internet Economy' refers to the economic activities and transactions that are centered around the creation, manipulation, and trading of digital goods and services in the digital realm, including the internet, radio, TV, and other digital technologies.

Cost-savings. By reducing manual processes and automating repetitive tasks, IoT can help businesses reduce costs and improve profitability. For example, IoT devices can be used to monitor energy usage and optimize consumption, reducing energy costs and improving sustainability.

Benefits of Internet
Economic Development. The Internet enables local communities, regions and, nations to develop, attract, retain and, expand job-creating businesses and institutions. ...
Government Services. ...
Education. ...
Health Care. ...
Public Safety. ...
Environmental Sustainability. ...
Telework. ...
The Urban Revitalization.

What are the negative impacts of excessive internet usage? Excessive internet usage can lead to reduced productivity, social isolation, sedentary lifestyle, sleep disturbances, and a decline in mental health, particularly when it interferes with real-world relationships and responsibilities.

What are the Advantages of The Internet?
Finding Information. Searching For Information on The Internet. ...
Making Online Payments, Finance, and Banking. Payments, Finance, and Banking on The Internet. ...
Communication. Communication on the Internet. ...
Online Shopping. Online Shopping on The Internet. ...
Entertainment. ...
Playing Games.

Disadvantages of Using Internet
Spam and advertising. ...
Pornographic and violent images. ...
Buying things that you don't need. ...
Not a safe place for children. ...
DDoS Attacks. ...
Botnets. ...
Identity Theft. ...
Cyberstalking.
IoT is important because it enhances efficiency, automates processes, improves data collection, enables smart decision-making, and enhances daily life through connectivity between devices. It drives innovation, supports sustainability, and creates new opportunities across industries.

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Commerce world with Professionals and Economy
Posted 1 week ago

The ICAI's income from exams and its impact on the Indian economy are significant.┬аWhile┬аprecise revenue figures from exam fees alone are not publicly available, the ICAI's overall income and the professional roles of Chartered Accountants (CAs) have a broad impact.

Income Generation from Exams:

Examination Fees:

The ICAI┬аcharges fees for the CA Foundation, Intermediate, and Final examinations.┬аWhile specific revenue figures are not readily available, these fees contribute significantly to the ICAI's overall income.┬а

Membership Fees:

In addition to exam fees, the ICAI collects annual membership fees from its members.┬аThese fees also contribute to the ICAI's revenue stream.┬а

Other Revenue Streams:

The ICAI generates revenue from various other sources, including publications, seminars, workshops, and training programs,┬аaccording to the ICAI.┬а

Impact on the Indian Economy:

Economic Development:

Chartered Accountants play a crucial role in the Indian economy by ensuring the credibility of businesses and fostering a conducive environment for investment.┬аThey provide financial due diligence, risk assessment, and financial reporting, which enhances the credibility of businesses and attracts both domestic and foreign investments.┬а

Job Creation and Income:

The demand for CAs has been growing, leading to increased job opportunities and higher salaries.┬аThe average salary for a CA in India is around тВ╣10 lakh per year, with some earning significantly more.┬а

Contribution to Tax Revenue:

CAs play a vital role in tax compliance and contribute to the generation of tax revenue for the government.┬а

Professional Standards:

The ICAI sets professional standards and ethical guidelines for CAs, which ensures the integrity of the financial reporting system and promotes good corporate governance.┬а

Global Representation:

The ICAI represents the Indian accounting profession on the global stage and contributes to the development of international accounting standards.┬а

The expansion of the financial industry, which increased demand for CAs and their jobs, is the main cause of their high income. In India, a CA makes an average pay of Rs. 8.5 lakhs per year, with salaries ranging from Rs. 3.6 lakhs to Rs.

The Institute, functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India. The ICAI is the largest professional body of Chartered Accountants in the world, with a strong tradition of service to the Indian economy in public interest.

India's richest chartered accountants include Kumar Mangalam Birla, who is the Chairman of the Aditya Birla Group. He is also known for his philanthropic work in health and education. Other notable names include Deepak Parekh, the Chairman of HDFC Ltd., and Rakesh Jhunjhunwala, a renowned investor.
Elaboration:
Kumar Mangalam Birla:
As the chairman of the Aditya Birla Group, Birla's business ventures span various sectors like cement, metals, textiles, and telecommunications. His net worth is in the billions, making him one of the richest individuals in India.
Deepak Parekh:
He is the chairman of HDFC Ltd., a leading housing finance company in India.
Rakesh Jhunjhunwala:
Known as the "Warren Buffett of India," he is a well-known investor and stock trader.
The current President of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) is CA. Charanjot Singh Nanda, who is also the 73rd President of the Institute for the term 2025-26. ICAI, the largest accountancy body in the world, is a statutory body regulated by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India. CA. Prasanna Kumar D is the Vice President of ICAI.

The motto of the ICAI is┬аYa Aeshu Suptaeshu Jagruti┬а(Sanskrit), which literally means "a person who is awake in those that sleep". It is a quotation from the Katha Upanishad. It was given to the ICAI at the time of its formation in 1949 by Sri Aurobindo as a part of its emblem.

Yes, a Chartered Accountant (CA) can become a CEO. The extensive financial expertise, strategic thinking, and leadership skills developed through CA training make them well-suited for leadership roles. Many successful CEOs have a background in accounting or finance.
Here's why a CA can become a CEO:
Financial Expertise:
CAs have a deep understanding of financial management, accounting principles, and business strategies, which are crucial for a CEO's role.
Strategic Vision:
The CA curriculum emphasizes strategic thinking and decision-making, allowing CAs to develop a strong vision for the company's future.
Leadership Skills:
CAs often develop strong leadership and communication skills through their work with various stakeholders.
Experience in Business:
CAs gain valuable experience in various industries, which helps them understand different business functions and challenges.
Network:
CAs have a strong network within the finance and business community, which can help them advance their careers.
While a CA background can be a significant advantage, it's important to note that becoming a CEO also requires:
Management Skills:
Effective management, communication, and interpersonal skills are crucial for leading a team and driving business results.
Experience in Different Industries:
Gaining experience in various industries and business functions can provide a broader perspective and understanding of the challenges and opportunities in different sectors.
Networking and Mentorship:
Building a strong network and seeking mentorship from experienced leaders can be invaluable for career advancement.
Adaptability and Continuous Learning:
The business world is constantly evolving, so adaptability and a willingness to learn new skills are essential for success.
Examples of CAs who have become CEOs:
Nirmal Jain:
Founder and Chairman of India Infoline Group, a billionaire businessman and a fellow member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.
Kumar Mangalam Birla:
Chairman of Aditya Birla Group, a billionaire and a prominent business leader.
Mpho Masango:
Former CFO of the Energy and Water SETA, appointed as Acting CEO and later officially appointed as CEO.
In conclusion, while a CA background can be a strong foundation for becoming a CEO, it's important to develop a broad range of skills and experience in order to succeed in that role.

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Commerce world with Professionals and Economy
Posted 1 week ago

Globalisation, in the context of the Indian economy, refers to the┬аincreasing integration of India with the global market through economic reforms, trade liberalization, and foreign investment.┬аThis has led to significant economic growth, technological advancements, and increased opportunities for businesses and individuals.┬а

Positive Impacts:

Economic Growth:

Globalisation has fueled India's economic growth by attracting foreign investment, expanding trade, and promoting export-oriented industries.┬а

Technological Advancement:

India has benefited from increased access to global technologies, driving innovation and improving productivity.┬а

Increased Trade and Investment:

Globalisation has facilitated increased trade and investment flows, both in and out of India, leading to the emergence of India as a major player in global trade.┬а

Job Creation:

Globalisation has created new employment opportunities, particularly in sectors like IT, textiles, and pharmaceuticals.┬а

Improved Infrastructure:

Globalisation has spurred infrastructure development, including transportation networks, which has enhanced business operations and improved living standards.┬а

Access to New Technologies and Products:

Consumers have access to a wider range of products and services, while businesses have access to advanced technologies, leading to increased innovation and competitiveness.┬а

Increased Awareness and Commitment to Human Rights:

Globalization has raised awareness of human rights and democracy, encouraging India to strengthen its commitment to these values.┬а

Challenges and Negative Impacts:

Income Inequality:

Globalisation has contributed to widening income inequality, with the benefits not always being evenly distributed across the population.┬а

Environmental Degradation:

Rapid industrialization and urbanization, spurred by globalisation, have led to increased pollution and resource depletion, posing challenges to environmental sustainability.┬а

Social Disruptions:

Globalisation can also disrupt traditional social structures and cultural practices, leading to social tensions and challenges.┬а

Labor Market Dynamics:

Globalisation has had both positive and negative effects on the labor market, with some sectors facing job displacement due to increased competition.┬а

Overall, globalisation has had a multifaceted impact on the Indian economy, leading to both significant opportunities and challenges.┬аIt has been a major driver of economic growth and development, but it has also raised concerns about inequality, environmental sustainability, and social disruption.┬а

Your money is safe. ...
Your money is protected against error and fraud. ...
You get your money faster with no check-cashing.
You can make online purchases with ease and peace.
You have access to other products from the bank. ...
You can transfer money to family and friends with.
You have proof of payment.

Impact: A higher bank rate encourages savings and discourages borrowing, leading to reduced money supply and potentially curbing inflation. Conversely, a lower bank rate incentivizes borrowing and discourages saving, increasing the money supply and potentially boosting economic activity.

The main objectives of the State Bank are:i To act in accordance with the broad economic policies of the government; ii To encourage and mobilise savings by opening branches in rural and semi-urban areas and to promote rural credit; iii To establish government partnership in the provision of cooperative credit;iv To ...India is primarily a domestic demand-driven economy, with consumption and investments contributing to 70% of the economic activity.

It serves as the government's bank, collects money, makes payments on behalf of the government, as well as manages public debt. It serves as a bank for bankers.

The banking sector is crucial to the modern economy. As the primary supplier of credit, it provides money for people to buy cars and homes and for businesses to buy equipment, expand their operations, and meet their payrolls.

It is the largest bank in India with a┬а23% market share by assets and a 25% share of the total loan and deposits market. It is also the tenth largest employer in India with nearly 250,000 employees. As of 2024, SBI has 50 crore customers.

The bank is also not heavily reliant on the agri and SME segments, as they are more prone to defaults, and its corporate exposure is primarily to A+ rated companies. SBI also seamlessly absorbed its five associated banks two and a half years ago despite its already huge size.

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